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Minimalism (visual arts)
Minimalism describes movements in various forms of art and design, especially visual art and music, where the work is set out to expose the essence, essentials or identity of a subject through eliminating all non-essential forms, features or concepts. As a specific movement in the arts it is identified with developments in post–World War II Western Art, most strongly with American visual arts in the 1960s and early 1970s. Prominent artists associated with this movement include Ad Reinhardt, Tony Smith, Donald Judd, John McCracken, Agnes Martin, Dan Flavin, Robert Morris, Larry Bell, Anne Truitt, and Frank Stella. Artists themselves have sometimes reacted against the label due to the negative implication of the work being simplistic.〔Dempsey, Amy. Styles, Schools and Movements, Thames & Hudson, 2002.] "The artists themselves did not like the label because of the negative implication that their work was simplistic and devoid of 'art content'."〕 Minimalism is often interpreted as a reaction against Abstract expressionism and a bridge to Postminimal art practices.
==Minimal art, minimalism in visual art==
Minimalism in visual art, generally referred to as "minimal art", ''literalist art'' 〔Fried, M. "Art and Objecthood", ''Artforum'', 1967〕 and ''ABC Art''〔Rose, Barbara. "ABC Art", ''Art in America'' 53, no. 5 (October–November 1965): 57–69.〕 emerged in New York in the early 1960s. Initially minimal art appeared in New York in the 60s as new and older artists moved toward geometric abstraction; exploring via painting in the cases of Frank Stella, Kenneth Noland, Al Held, Ellsworth Kelly, Robert Ryman and others; and sculpture in the works of various artists including David Smith, Anthony Caro, Tony Smith, Sol LeWitt, Carl Andre, Dan Flavin, Donald Judd and others. Judd's sculpture was showcased in 1964 at the Green Gallery in Manhattan as were Flavin's first fluorescent light works, while other leading Manhattan galleries like the Leo Castelli Gallery and the Pace Gallery also began to showcase artists focused on geometric abstraction. In addition there were two seminal and influential museum exhibitions: ''Primary Structures: Younger American and British Sculpture shown from April 27 - June 12, 1966 at the Jewish Museum in New York, organized by the museum's Curator of Painting and Sculpture, Kynaston McShine 〔''Time'' magazine, June 3, 1966, "Engineer's Esthetic", pg. 64〕〔''Newsweek'' magazine, May 16, 1966, "The New Druids", pg. 104〕 and ''Systemic Painting,'' at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum curated by Lawrence Alloway also in 1966 that showcased Geometric abstraction in the American art world via Shaped canvas, Color Field, and Hard-edge painting.〔(''Systemic Painting'', Guggenheim Museum )〕〔(Systemic art, Oxford-Art encyclopedia )〕〔(Lawrence Alloway, ''Systemic Painting'', Google books online )〕 In the wake of those exhibitions and a few others the art movement called ''minimal art'' emerged.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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